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ETRUSCAN MONARCHS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Etruscans were a very sophisticated people who controlled land roughly from Cumae (on the northern end of the Bay of Naples) to the Po River. They had great artistic skills and were skilled traders. Eventually, the Etruscans expanded their influence southward and conquered the Romans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first Etruscan king of Rome was L. Tarquinius Priscus (616-579 BCE). Priscus chose and cleared the site for the great temple JUPITER OPTIMUS MAXIMUS (meaning â€Å"Jupiter best and greatest†), which would be located on CAPITOLINE, on one of the Seven Hills of Rome. In its later years, the civilization of Rome focused itself on CAPITOLINE. This was the temple dedicated to Jupiter who was the father of the gods and therefore most powerful. Priscus also allegedly built the CLOACA MAXIMA, or great sewer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 2nd Etruscan king, Servius Tullius (579-534 BCE), was said to have carried on the program of urban renewal begun by his predecessor.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The final Etruscan monarch, Tarquin the Proud, was ejected by means of popular rebellion in 509 BCE. It began because his son Sextus rapped a chaste aristocrat named Lucretia who later committed suicide because of it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the final king gone, the way was paved for the formation of the democratic republic. The Etruscan military power fell and those who lived near Rome were absorbed into the new republic. CONSULS OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the removal of the final Etruscan monarch, two men from the senate were elected by the members of the COMITIA CENTURIA to take the position as consuls; the chief Magistrates of the Roman state who were elected annually. One colleague could veto (meaning forbid) the decision of the other thereby acting as a safe guard against abuse of power. GACCHUS BROTHERS   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tiberius Gracchus was elected to tribune of the people in 133 BCE. He believed he could solve the problems of the poor by redistributing the land. He set up a land commission to distribute ten-hectare plots. He misused his authority when he announced that he would seek re-election as tribune. Such an act was unheard of in this time. This action in sighted a riot within the already angry land owning senators in Rome. 3000 people were killed, amongst them was Tiberius himself. Regardless, the land commission continued and some 80 000 people were resettled.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gaius Gracchus was elected tribune in 123 BCE. He was an enthusiastic reformer who believed he had the answer to the conflicting interests of the population.

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English in your country to study English in other country, but in general there are more differences. Both options can be beneficial when you decide study English. In this essay will be discuss all the similarities and differences between learn English in Mexico to learn English in Australia, mention the class structure, teachers and the environment outside class. Paragraph 2: Sub topic 1 – Compare (class Structure') To begin with classes with 15-20 students in a classroom, this can be change all the time is not exactly always but it is the common number of students.Secondly, the teachers teach grammar, speaking, writing, listening and reading. There are exams or tests every week and it is important to pass them. Thirdly, everyone can learn English in a private school or in English courses. You need to take a course to present the TOEFL or EELS. Paragraph 3: Sub topic 1 – Contrast To begin with Mexico, there are only 3 levels of English: basic, intermediate and advance. However, is not to common to teach pronunciation. Studying in your country is cheaper than studying in overseas. The classes during about one or two and half hours.Instead, in Australia are more levels for English, also academic English. You can decide to do a Bachelor or study the University. Although, is more expensive and the classes are full time.. If you study in Mexico, depend the course that you want to take, maybe for 6 months or a couple of weeks. You know that the English School is near your house or you only need to drive. But if you decide to study in Australia you need to stay in that country no less than 4 months and can decide to stay more than 1 year with the possibility to extend more.Paragraph 4: Sub topic 2 – Compare (environment outside class') In Mexico like in Australia moreover, you can meet new people , and a great point is that all those people take the course for learn a new language, English. It is a good way to open more your ideas about learning English because every different person that you meet have different ways or manners and you can learn about all these stuff too. Paragraph 5: Sub topic 2 – Contrast In Mexico, after English classes you still speak your own language (Spanish).As well, you are near you family and friends, with all the things that you know. For example, food, public transport, the City, etc. However can be a slow process for learn English. On the other hand, in Australia you speak English all the time, in school, in the street, in the place that you live. Every time. Although, study English in Mexico has less possibilities to meet people from others parts of the world, it is more common to meet new people from Mexico, but if you decide to learn English in Australia you meet people from over the world.Paragraph 6: Sub topic 3 – Compare (teachers') First in Mexico and in Australia the English teachers speak very well English. They have a certificate or accreditation to confirm that they can teach this language. In lasses there is only one teacher to teach everything. Such as, grammar, speaking, reading, writing, listening, everything. And the same teacher does the tests or exam for the students. There are many kinds of teachers. For example, funny, strict, serious, easy going, difficult, and every teacher has their different way to teach English.Paragraph 7: Sub topic 3 – Contrast On the contrary, in Mexico the teachers are from the same country, they need to learn English before teach to students. Sometimes or in general it is more common to communicate in a formal way or depend the teachers but this happened more hen you study the high school. In Australia whereas, great point is that the teachers are natives they talk naturally English, and a better point is that can be teachers from others apart of the world. For example: England, from America, New Zealand, etc.There are more easy going and it is good for the person who start to learn English because their listen accent, pronunciation, the native language Paragraph 8: Conclusion In conclusion, It is important to mention that everyone to choose study English must to study hard and be concentrating all the time. Nevertheless, there are people homo get quickly English because is easier for others. Study English for first time could be difficult, because it is a new and different language.A good point is that all the people that you can meet have similar purpose and you cannot feel bad for known English or for learn slowly. Additionally, you need to know that Australia is totally opposite from Mexico it is so far. And for a long time you will live far from your country, family and friends, and maybe you can have ‘homesick for a short period or always. But the experience that you can have when you learn English in Australia is en of the biggest goals. For instance, you meet people from over around the world, but sometimes you only meet people to come to study English not native peopl e.For example, you have many new friends from Thailand, Korea, and Brazil but maybe you don't know anybody from Australia. Further to this, study in other country has more extra qualities, for example: you can mention in your resume that you learn English in Australia and has experience in different things. And all this can help you to find a better Job. Study English can open more doors in different ways, whatever you iced if study in Mexico or in Australia, but choose study in Australia can change the way that you see the live in many amazing ways.

Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Heart Rate Essay

Introduction: Our bodies need to be in balance in order to function properly, and there are many ways the body maintains balance, or homeostasis. Homeostasis is the maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal environment. Our normal heart rate is an example of our body in homeostasis and any sort of change, or stimulus, can alter it. Exercise, adrenaline in the blood, and a low blood pH are all stimuli that increase the heart rate. Exercise, for example, stimulates stretch receptors in the muscles. These receptors then send a signal to a part of the brain called the medulla oblongata that receives the sensory input. It then in turn sends nerve impulses to the sinoatrial node in the heart. This node generates an impulse and initiates contraction of the heart at a quicker pace. Thus, the heart beats faster, which equals an increased heart rate. This is an example of a homeostasis imbalance. The heart reaches homeostasis again when exercise ceases and the heart rate drops down to its basal rate, or its rate at rest. This whole process is an example of a negative feedback cycle: a stimulus (increased heart rate) sends receptors to the control center (medulla oblongata), which then sends effectors (impulses by the vagus nerve, or the efferent pathway) to the heart to slow the heart contractions, thus reducing the heart rate and bringing it back to its basal rate. In our experiment we studied heart rate before and after a brief exercise session. Our hypothesis is exercise will increase the heart rate, and a negative feedback mechanism will occur to restore the heart rate back to its normal basal rate. Materials: Stop watch, metronome, stairs Methods: †¢Eight subjects took their own resting, or basal, heart rate for 15 seconds while standing up. Some subjects chose to take their heart rate at their carotid artery, and some took their pulse using their radial artery. This number was multiplied by 4 to get beats per minute. This is how all heart rate measurements were taken throughout the experiment. †¢Subjects did exercise session. They walked down 57 stairs and then back up those same 57 stairs for a total of 104 stair steps. This was done at a pace of 85 beats per minute. The whole session took 1 minute 45 seconds. †¢Subjects immediately took their heart rate after they completed the exercise. †¢After 1 minute of completing the exercise, subjects measured their heart rate again. This was done at 1 minute intervals for a total of 5 heart rate measurements after completing the exercise. †¢All together, subjects took 6 heart rate measurements: 1 before the exercise, and then 5 after the exercise. Data/Results: See attached graph and table. Conclusion/Discussion: The data shows that heart rate increases during and after exercise and begins to drop back down close to the basal rate after rest. The heart progressively decreases after each minute of rest. Our results show a negative feedback mechanism was used to control the heart rate after exercise. The increased heart rate stimulated the medulla oblongata which sent impulses to the sinoatrial node of the heart to slow down contractions and decrease the heart rate. Different subjects had differences in the time it took for their heart rate to drop after the exercise, but heart rate decreased nonetheless. Overall, our hypothesis was shown to be correct from the experiment. We chose the heart rate as our variable because it is easy to measure and gives clear results. We predicted that the heart would increase after a brief exercise session, and our results matched that prediction. As for other experiments, we could perform different activities or tasks and measure our hear t rate after those. We could even hold a serious/heated discussion and see if heart rate is affected in an intense conversation. There are many different things you could do to test heart rate, as exercise is just one example. Data: Each subject and their heart rate at certain time interval: SubjectBefore exercise0 minutes rest1 min. rest2 min. rest3 min. rest4 min. rest 1100 BPM120 BPM104 BPM104 BPM104 BPM104 BPM 2120160156156152148 37210076807672 47212080727272 596136124120100100 66812072727680 76011664646464 86816084888084 Summary statement: Heart rate increases during and after exercise and begins to drop back down close to the basal rate after rest. Citations Heart Rate Regulation in Humans. (2010, January 23). The Student Room. Retrieved August 24, 2013, from http://www.thestudentroom.co.uk/showthread.php%3Ft%3D1059551%26page%3D45&q=&esrc=s&ei=EEIuUtiHKMKUiQL86YDQDQ&usg=AFQjCNGj9jN4mV3pDlB7dF1yuUm0gn81gA